maubere digital army


IT’S ALSO FINE
Februari 2, 2007, 7:46 am
Filed under: Poezia & Arte

Aimé Césaire

It’s also fine to die in our beds
on a clean pillow
and among our friends.

It’s fine to die, once,
our hands crossed on our chests
empty and pale
with no scratches, no chains, no banners,
and no petitions.

It’s fine to have an undustful death,
no holes in our shirts,
and no evidence in our ribs.

It’s fine to die
with a white pillow, not the pavement, under our cheeks,
our hands resting in those of our loved ones
surrounded by desperate doctors and nurses,
with nothing left but a graceful farewell,
paying no attention to history,
leaving this world as it is,
hoping that, someday, someone else
will change it.



Qana/Beirut
Juli 31, 2006, 12:21 am
Filed under: Poezia & Arte

Manzen Kerbaj

http://mazenkerblog.blogspot.com/

by Mazen

2000 years ago, in qana, jesus

transformed water into wine.

today, in qana, the israeli air force

transformed kids into ashes.

today, in beirut, i am not able to transform

this page into a drawing.



COOKBOOK DIY
Juli 29, 2006, 1:14 am
Filed under: Poezia & Arte

Fun’da’mental

http://www.fun-da-mental.co.uk/

The common man has continuously shown the system that he too has the capacity to operate on a similar level to the State albeit with lesser consequences. The ingredients for the “common bomb” are no rocket science and do not require wealth. All action should always be against the symbols of the state and in accordance with a “just” cause. There are those that also dissent, who lead seemingly normal lives. They use their knowledge to jump out of the box of life and use that which the system created for its own self purpose and utilise their intellect upon the very same system. The irony of the State is that it works legitimately and unchallenged, supported by the common man, who pays for the most vicious of weapons. All is justified, encouraged and applauded as the bombs become ever more destructive to human life, yet it is these same nations that through sheer military power preach morality and exclusivity to such weapons and are often the first to use them.

I’m packed up ingredients stacked up my Laptop
Downloaded the military cookbook PDF
Elements everyday chemicals at my reach
Household bleach to extract the potassium
Chlorate Boiling on a hotplate with hate
recipe for disaster plastic bomb blaster
I mix up 5 parts wax to Vaseline
slowly … dissolve in gasoline
add to potassium in a large metal bowl
knead like dough so they bleed real slow
Gasoline evaporates… cool dry place
I’m strapped up cross my chest bomb belt attached
deeply satisfied with the plan I hatched
electrodes connected to a gas cooker lighter
switch in my hand the situation demands
self sacrifice hitting back at vice with a £50 price

I’m 31.. numb …but the hurt is gone
Gonna build a dirty bomb
us this privilege and education
My PHD will free me
Paid of the Ruskies for weapons grade Uranium
Taught myself skills from Pakistan Iran
upgraded its stage two of the plan
Rage… a thermo nuclear density gauge
stolen by the Chechens from a Base in Georgia
I get some cobalt 60 from a food irradiator
so easy to send the infidels to their creator
its takes a dirty mind to build a dirty bomb
The simplicity is numbing genius is dumbing
down the situation to a manageable level
to make the world impossible to live for these devils
a suitcase of semtex a mobile phone trigger
Blow them all to hell for a million dollar figure

I insist I’m a legitimate scientist
paid by the government with your finances
I got a private room in the Whitehouse suite
So I can develop according to presidential Brief
The megaton don Gulf war veteran
The foremost proponent of the neutron bomb
at the centre atomic surrounded on all sides
wrapped in layers of lithium deutaride
the bomb detonates causing lithium to fission into helium
tritium neutrons into Fission
The blast causes shockwaves that melt body fat
uniquely though it leaves the buildings intact
I made the 25 megaton daisy cutter
a great blast radius with very little clutter
There’s less radiation so you get a cleaner bomb
its your money people it cost a billion



War on Words
Juli 25, 2006, 1:28 pm
Filed under: Media

Tariq Ali, editor of New Left Review

The triumph of the free market after the end of the Cold War doesn’t mean a free market in ideas. Tariq Ali discusses the way literature can still be a crime against the state.

Every night for eight years a prisoner on Buru Island in Indonesia, condemned to decades in prison, fought against cruelty, disease and creeping insanity by telling his story to his fellow political outlaws. As they listened to him, his fellow prisoners momentarily forgot where they were or who had sentenced them to years of suffering. Pramoedya Ananta Toer was arrested after the military coup in Jakarta in 1965. For 12 years he was a prisoner on Buru Island. The tales he told his fellow prisoners in desperate times later became a much-acclaimed quartet of novels known as Minke’s Story. The first of these, This Earth of Mankind, was published in 1981, topped the bestseller list for 10 months and was banned. The publishing company was forced to close down. Toer had been released in 1979, but his movements are still subject to severe restriction by the Indonesian military dictatorship. He is presently on the short-list of the Nobel Prize for Literature. Getting it could literally set him free.

If we needed a reminder of the hideous intolerance of the world we could look back to the crime that happened in Nigeria a few months ago. The writer Ken Saro-Wiwa, together with several colleagues, was brutally tortured and executed by a military dictatorship heavily dependent on the multinational oil giant Shell. Capitalism’s global triumph after the fall of the Berlin Wall has not, alas, been a victory for the Enlightenment. Even as I write, the hoarse voices of Saro-Wiwa’s murderers are demanding more blood. They want the head of their exiled Nobel laureate, Wole Soyinka. They tell us he is free to return to Nigeria. What they really mean is that they can’t wait to kill him. Why? Because Soyinka is using his international status as a writer to plead with the US and the EU for the imposition of oil sanctions against Nigeria’s uniformed assassins. He wants freedom and democracy for his country. Western elites remain deaf to his pleas.

It could be argued that Soyinka, like Saro-Wiwa, is being hounded not because of his literary output but because of his political activity. This is not strictly true. Soyinka’s worldview is visible in most of his plays and novels, but even if this were not the case, why should it make any difference? Saro-Wiwa and Soyinka are respected by the voiceless citizens of Nigeria precisely because of the prestige they have won as writers. In countries where the truth can only be spoken in whispers, those who speak out loudly are heroes.

Circumstances pushed Saro-Wiwa and Soyinka to speak up for their people. There are others, inhabitants of the house of Islam: Naguib Mahfouz in Egypt, Abdur-Rehman Munif in Syria, Salman Rushdie in Britain, Mohamed Choukri in Morocco, the poet Adonis of no fixed abode, and countless writers and journalists in Algiers who are threatened by obscurantist preachers in Cairo, Riyadh, Karachi, Tangiers and Tehran. As Women Against Fundamentalism points out, women have also been targeted. In 1994, Taslima Nasreen, the popular Bangladeshi writer, escaped to Sweden to avoid a fatwa after being charged with ‘hurting religious sentiments’ with her book Shame; Sufia Kamal, a secularist poet, receives repeated death threats; and Lindsey Collen’s The Rape of Sita, a book about violence against women, was banned by the Mauritian prime minister for ‘blasphemy’.

These fictions, we are told, offend the faithful who pray to be delivered from such filth. In reality it is the fundamentalist demagogues who want to restrict the mental horizons of the faithful. They know only too well that in a climate of fear, fiction can assume magical powers. They are especially keen to prevent any real discussion of Islamic history. We are, after all, talking about a culture which has experienced its own renaissance. During the Middle Ages, it was Europe that was full of ignoble savages. There was a time when Cairo, Jerusalem, Damascus, Baghdad, Aleppo, Homs, Tripoli, Tyre and Ispahan were cosmopolitan cities in which Muslims, Jews and Christians co-existed relatively peacefully. They were important centres of commerce and learning. Tens of thousands of manuscripts were preserved in hundreds of public and private libraries. A majority of the urban male population could read and write. Literature and philosophy were avidly debated in the tea shops, public baths, universities and brothels. Compared to these cities, Paris, London, Mainz and Milan were nothing more than provincial villages. When Mahfouz and Munif sit down to write their novels, they reflect, perhaps subconsciously, the cumulative experience of the Arab renaissance. Their confessional tormentors, on the contrary, are the modern equivalents of the barbarian Crusaders who waged war against the superior civilisation that they found in the East.

In these great times when we are promised a new world order based on freedom and human rights, literature itself has become a crime. Abdur-Rehman Munif was stripped of his Saudi nationality for writing his five-volume Cities of Salt, a fictional account of how US oil companies created a state to defend their interests.

Munif’s books circulate clandestinely throughout his native country, but he is an exile, fearful in the knowledge that his enemies have a long arm, but defiant in his belief that a poet must never stop singing. He told me once that it was the double-standards of the cold warriors in Washington which filled him with nausea. They talked of democracy and human rights in the USSR, Eastern Europe and Cuba, but ‘when the West reached the Mediterranean coasts, they forgot about democracy. All they thought about was oil.’
Mohamed Choukri is aware of the risks he faces. His novels are constantly under attack by television clerics and ‘critics’ in the pay of the government. His autobiography, For Bread Alone, was banned in Morocco and most Arab countries. It was printed by Al Saqi, a London-based Arab publisher and this edition sold 20,000 copies in 18 months. What annoyed the authorities was Choukri’s assault on the grim social conditions of everday life which were reflected inside an ordinary patriarchal Arab household. A characteristic paragraph reads:

‘Each afternoon, my father comes home disappointed. He hits my mother. Several times I’ve heard him tell her ‘I’m getting out, bitch… rotten whore’. He abuses everyone with his words, sometimes even Allah. My little brother cries and squirms on the bed. I see my father walking towards the bed. No one can run away from the craziness of his eyes. He twists the small head furiously. When my father dies I’ll go to his grave and piss on it. I’ll make his tomb a latrine.’

Choukri prefers to ignore his critics. Saturated though they may be in hatred and fanaticism, they ‘should not be given the opportunity to enter history in a banal way’. He tells of entering an Islamic bookshop in Morocco and finding Darwin and Nietzsche next to the Koran. On an adjoining shelf there sat Moravia, Sartre and Marx. ‘And yet,’ he smiles, ‘they stop an Arab writer who writes about the same things.’ Morocco is a striking example of paradox and contradiction in an Islamic country which is both fascinated and frightened by modernism.

This is not exclusively an African or Islamic phenomenon. During the midnight of our century, Europe lay in the shadow of fascism and Stalinism. The Germans burned books, and Mann, Brecht, Adorno, Benjamin and numerous others fled the country. Mussolini ordered that Gramsci be imprisoned ‘to stop his mind from working’. Franco’s killers executed Lorca. And in Stalin’s Russia, Mayakovsky was driven to suicide, while Babel, Mandelstam and Meyerhold, to name only three, were killed in the prison camps. Familiar voices fell silent.

After the horrors of the Second World War there was a slight lull on all sides. The Cold War gave us McCarthyism and its thought-police in the Anglo-Saxon world, a pale reflection of its Stalinist counterpart, but destructive none the less. Many decent human beings were forced to lead debased lives, others went into exile. A few were executed as ‘spies’.

East of the Elbe there was a marginal improvement. Poets and writers were silenced, but censorship and imprisonment, rather than slow death, became the norm. Pasternak was mistreated, Daniels and Sinyavsky were put on trial. Vassily Grossman was told by the Politburo hack, Suslov, that his masterpiece Life and Fate would not be published in the USSR for hundreds of years. Milan Kundera’s The Joke was regarded by the Prague bureaucrats as an affront, driving its author into exile.

In post-war Europe, a few intellectuals refused to blindly support either Moscow or Washington or, for that matter, the Quai d’Orsay and Whitehall. Jean-Paul Sartre and Bertrand Russell may no longer be fashionable, but they were courageous thinkers. Sartre’s expose of French atrocities in Algeria and Russell’s campaign against nuclear weapons brought both men together in the 1960s to propose a War Crimes Tribunal whose aim was to try the US for war crimes in Vietnam. This was before the My Lai massacre shocked the world. The Tribunal was not permitted to meet in Paris or in London – so it met in Stockholm in 1967. Those who presided over its hearings were, in the main, intellectuals of one sort or another. They knew that their commitment would make a difference and they were right.

As a new conformity grips the remaining years of this century, we need an intellectual commitment and independence from our writers more than ever before. The existence of the USSR compelled ruling groups in the West to take their socialist critics seriously. The collapse has brought with it a retreat by the left intelligentsia. Depression, hysteria, withdrawal, introversion, suicide (especially in Germany) have all claimed their victims. But it is time to sharpen our pens once again. The lessons from Africa and elsewhere are clear. The task of reviving a critical political culture can not be left to the politicians alone.

I am not one of those who believe that intellectuals deserve special treatment. I do not think that novelists, by virtue of their talent, can simply transcend the problems faced by lesser mortals. The cases cited reveal that the experience of an individual writer is usually the experience of a nation. Writers are singled out because their ability to express knowledge is regarded as dangerous and infectious. They are seen as a cancer that must be rooted out. Western democracies are not interested in the fate of novelists in countries like Saudi Arabia, South Korea or Indonesia. The World Bank lays down tough economic conditions (designed mainly to punish the poor) before it advances new loans to its client states, but basic human rights never form part of any package. Deep down, the free-market fanatics know that a free market in ideas might ultimately challenge their profits. They would rather not take the risk. Is it purely accidental that the ‘Tiger economies’ of the Far East, where capital is more dynamic at the moment than in its old heartlands, are all countries where human lives are cheap, trade unions neutered and intellectual freedoms virtually non-existent? Who weeps for the incarcerated publishers, writers and journalists of South Korea? Not Washington.

And so Saro-Wiwa is executed with impunity by the butchers in Lagos while Toer languishes under house arrest in Jakarta and his tormentors wipe out a whole generation of youth in East Timor. Conditions in South Korea and Singapore are just as bad. So why is Cuba alone privileged with US sanctions? Something is rotten deep in the heart of the New World Order. This is a world whose priorities are determined by the needs of oil companies and the profit margins of arms merchants.

In the old USSR a writer, to be ‘successful’, had to accept ‘socialist realism’. In the West today there is a growing concentration of ownership of publishing empires and distribution networks in the hands of fewer and fewer robber-barons. They are no more interested in culture than Hermann Goering was. Books are a commodity. The books they want are bestsellers. Pulp fiction is all the rage. It is market realism that dominates Western literature. The new conformity discourages diversity and experimentation; it encourages introversion and celebrates escapism.

It will not last. The mood will pass. When hope is reborn, cynicism and passivity will be buried once again. Then writers in the West will once again lift their heads high and link arms across the continents with their colleagues who continue to sacrifice their lives for freedom.

The Arab poet Adonis remains optimistic: ‘You cannot extinguish light by means of darkness. You can only offer a brighter light, a more beautiful one. Truth cannot be defeated by murder and lies.’ I agree, but try telling that to General Abacha in Lagos and Rupert Murdoch in video-space.



Your viewpoint on my viewpoint
Juli 21, 2006, 1:39 am
Filed under: Catatan Dari Dili, Notes From Dili

Rahung Nasution

Letter to Jude Conway, a friend in Darwin

Jude, my dear friend, I remember when you visited Dili two years ago. It was in Farol at the Sahe Institute for Liberation, which has since changed its name to Institutu Edukasaun Popular. It was a brief courteous exchange…

Before I go on and answer your letter, there are two reasons why I felt I had to write Around Golpe In Miles Davis’ Trumpet, published on Paras Indonesia website. First, I am suspicious to corporate media. Second, I wanted to write about experiences of people around me. If both were to be combined: I wanted to write something personal while trying to understand this rather complex madness. I didn’t dare to draw any conclusions in a hurry.

I agree, it’s true, democracy allows for a regime and leadership change by taking it to the streets. Not just through the ballot box or Parliamentary mayhem. What happened to PM Marí Alkatiri also happened to leaders in Thailand, Phillipines, Indonesia, and, if Australian believed in street parliament, this can also befall PM John Howard. Even more so if it is helped by the power of corporate media.

In the case of Alkatiri’s resignation, he wasn’t just sacked by the minority opposition parties, rebel soldiers and his various mistakes such as you mentioned in your letter. I also think this happened thanks to the great power of corporate media, among others, ABC, through their Four Corners programme.

Evidence of what was thought as Alkatiri’s involvement in the matter of weapons distribution: a secret letter from the PNTL Commander Paul Fatima Martins, a document from the ‘Fretilin Secret Security Team’ – which bears no signature and the contents of which weren’t shown in full – about weapons distribution, a staged shooting scene, and an SMS from Alkatiri to Comandante Railos which said: “Where are you going?”

Based on ABC’s Liz Jackson’s ‘investigation,’ President Xanana Gusmão sent a letter to Alkatiri which asked him to step down. And then on RTTL, on 22 June, a ‘surprise’ speech by Xanana Gusmão was aired. That speech mentioned bloodthirsty powers, Fretilin congress participants who received weapons, illegal congresses, SMS’s to PM Alkatiri reporting President’s activities, etc, etc.

Unfortunaley, I do not have access to sources like you do – which you said was information from a trusted ‘left’ comrade who has close contact with Timorese soldiers. That is why I have to be careful about what I write. Dili is chock-full of rumours which certainly cannot be regarded as ‘information’.

If I use this ‘information’ from your ‘left’ comrades in my writing, it would come out exactly as the rumours that have been flying around and accusations from the petitioners which, as of yet, remain unproven. Strangely enough, the petitioners also reject the forming of a commission of inquiry to address the problems that they brought up. Alkatiri did not fire 591 petitioning soldiers, as the corporate media both in Indonesia and Australia say. The decision came from the F-FDTL headquarters, then led by Alkatiri and also Ramos-Horta.

If the issue of ‘discrimination’ was raised by the petitioning soldiers, indeed, there is some basis to it. But if the issue of Lorosa’e (eastern region) versus Loromonu (western region) is raised, seems like it has hit the wrong target.

Ever since F-FDTL institution was formed, problems began to appear. That was during UNTAET administration, in 2001, and Alkatiri was not yet the Prime Minister. This military institution was formed based on a study conducted by King’s College. Back then, there were former guerillas who were dissatisfied with this process and chose to become civilians. They came from both regions, Lorosa’e and Loromonu: Comandante Eli Foho Rai Boot and Renan, Ersnesto Dudu and Samba 9.

For those who did not pass through recruitment process and did not meet standards, they were ‘reintegrated’ to the community. This process involved advisors from Australia and Portugal, and was funded by the World Bank and handled by IOM. So, this institution, which was already problematic, was formed with the approval of Xanana Gusmão, who was then the chairman of the National Council.

Dear Jude, I did hear rumours, and many say that there has been harsh treatment from the commanders to soldiers from Loromonu.

But according to F-FDTL Commander, Taur Matan Ruak, Lieutenant Gastão Salsinha, who later became the spokesperson of the 591 petitioning soldiers and joind rebel soldiers Major Alfredo Reinado, Major Tara and Major Marcos, has had problems with the illegal sandalwood business. This was revealed by Brigadier Ruak on RTTL television, just days after the demonstration led by Lieutenant Salsinha turned violent. For his involvement in sandalwood business, this officer was not given a promotion. His planned study to Portugal was also cancelled by F-FDTL headquarters.

This illegal sandalwood business, again according to rumours, involved the then interior minister, Rogério Lobato.

A more thrilling rumour, Major Kaikeri from F-FDTL, who died during the shootout in Tibar with Railos’ group, was one of the key figures in this illegal sandalwood business. This rumour is too hot. And lets not forget, Railos’ confession about weapons being distributed by Alkatiri appeared in the corporate media after Rogério Lobato became a suspect.

So, let’s leave it at that with the rumours and let’s go back to the problem of nepotism within F-FDTL, like you mentioned in your letter. If we look into the issue of ranks in F-FDTL, there are many F-FDTL officers who did not come from Lorosa’e. For example, Major Alfredo Reinado, Major Marcos Tilman, Major Tara (Augusto de Araújo), Lieutenant Salsinha, Lieutenant Colonel Pedro Klamar Fuik (Donaciano Gomes) and Lieutenant Colonel Filomeno Paixão. Too bad you did not specify in your letter what sort of nepotism was referred to by your ‘left’ friend. I’m curious, could it be that your ‘left’ friend is also part of this madness?

Just recently, Bob Lowry, the former Australian military Advisor for Timor-Leste in 2002-03, in a seminar held at the Australian National University, said that he had once suggested that Alkatiri retire all F-FDTL officers who are former guerillas. If that was done, it would be likely that Colonel Pedro Klamar Fuik and Major Alfredo Reinado would rise through the ranks to lead F-FDTL.

To me, this problem is quite complex, rather intricate. And it would be too simplistic if everything is thrown at Alkatiri. Add to that old problems. Back then, during resistance, there were also promises that still remain promises today and have disappointed many young people. For example, that after independence, those who fought will live and prosper, own a good house… Such promises were given by the organisers of the underground resistance (clandestine) to persuade the young to fight for independence.

Jude, my kind friend, about the issue of weapons. I never tried to close my eyes on that. NGOs in Timor-Leste have raised this issue, including Institutu Edukasaun Popular. Back then Ramos-Horta responded, “If anything happens along the borders, are NGOs ready to face that? NGOs better stick to problems in the villages…”

Now, what does Alkatiri hope to achieve by eliminating his political opponents, all while his party is the majority and in the congress he was reelected as the secretary general? And then, why did Comandante Railos, who was told to kill Alkatiri’s political opponents, actually fought against F-FDTL, who are thought to have close ties to Alkatiri?

What are the indications that caused you to conclude that Rogério Lobato was the one to take care of dirty jobs ordered by Alkatiri? Rogério Lobato is an influential figure amongst former Falintil, and it is this influence that he used when he returned to Timor-Leste to gain his position in power. Organising them and using them.

And then, what makes all this even stranger and more complex, all armed powers (outside of the official F-FDTL) are powers that unseated Alkatiri, that took Alkatiri down… It’s complex, Jude!

Two years ago, Pedrito Vieira took part in the protest against the meeting between Xanana Gusmão and the Indonesian presidential candidate General Wiranto who has a record of crimes in Timor-Leste, and Maleve was a delegate from Lospalos in the Fretilin Congress in Dili, 17-19 May.

Y’know Jude, my dear friend, supporting a number of Alkatiri’s policies doesn’t automatically make one a pro-Fretilin supporter. And in case one day Nuno Rodrigues chooses to become a Fretilin militant, like what Adérito de Jesus Soares—the former director of Sahe Institute who now joined the Fretilin minority mudança group—chose way back when, I don’t think there’s anything wrong with it. That is their political choice. And Jude, my friend, you need not doubt the independence of our viewpoints on the problems going on these days. We too never tried to conceal anything for any ideological reasons. Our criticism of Fretilin has been clear: this party has turned into an electoral machine just like any other party. The difference is, Fretilin is a historical party with a majority support.

Alkatiri’s policies supported by IEP include free education, free healthcare, nutrition improvements for school children, keeping oil proceeds in the Petroleum Fund, refusing debt from the World Bank. Besides supporting these policies, IEP, together with other NGOs, is also concerned with the immigration law, defamation law, reconciliation without justice as promoted by Xanana and Horta, privatization and all sorts of political manoeuvres, which in the end will only disadvantage people at large.

If, in the end, the courts could prove that Alkatiri was involved in weapons distribution, we would certainly not support what he has done in that regard. He must be punished, and we must make sure that the law is not just a piece of used toilet paper. However, the abovementioned policies, in our opinion, are still good for the people.

Jude, my kind friend, on the 4th of July, in Obrigado Barracks, during the meeting between the civil population and UN envoy Ian Martin, Christopher Henry Samsom, the director of NGO LABEH, said: “NGOs keep weapons in their offices.” What a dangerous piece of ‘information’ this is to many people. Usually, the corporate media would just eat it raw. Some would just close their eyes. The impact of such misleading ‘information’ is what I wanted to write about.

After the arrival of Australian troops on 25 May and the withdrawal of F-FDTL from Dili on 26 May, the torching of houses in Dili was done because the perpetrators thought the owners kept guns. The targets of this arson are people who have family or friends in F-FDTL. This was ignored by the corporate media who, misleadingly, described this as a “Lorosae vs Loromono”conflict, as if there’s been burning contest between these two ‘factions’ here.

Jude, my dear friend, I’m convinced that something stinks with calumny. By writing about it, we have tried to fight something that’s really low and malicious!



Cara Pandangmu dalam Cara Pandangku
Juli 18, 2006, 9:38 am
Filed under: Catatan Dari Dili, Notes From Dili

Rahung Nasution

Surat buat Jude Conway

Jude yang baik, dua tahun yang lalu, aku masih ingat ketika kamu berkunjung ke Dili. Saat itu di Farol dan Sahe Institute for Liberation, belum berganti nama jadi Institutu Edukasaun Popular. Sebuah tegur sapa yang ringkas…

Sebelum menjawab suratmu, ada dua alasan kenapa aku merasa perlu untuk menulis Around Golpe In Miles Davis’ Trumpet, dimuat Paras Indonesia. Pertama, aku curiga pada korporasi media. Yang kedua, aku ingin menulis yang dialami orang-orang di sekitarku. Jika kedua alasan itu aku gabungkan: aku ingin menulis sesuatu yang personal sambil mencoba memahami berbagai kegilaan yang cukup kompleks ini. Aku tidak berani dengan tergesa-gesa, mengambil kesimpulan-kesimpulan.

Aku setuju, memang, demokrasi memungkinkan terjadinya pergantian rezim dan kepemimpinan melalui jalanan. Bukan hanya melalui kotak suara atau kericuhan di Parlemen. Yang terjadi pada mantan PM Mari Alkatiri, juga terjadi pada pemimpin di Thailand, di Filipina, di Indonesia dan seandainya masyarakat Australia percaya pada parlemen jalanan, juga bisa menimpa PM John Howard. Apalagi dibantu oleh kekuasaan korporasi media.

Dalam kasus mundurnya Alkatiri, dia bukan hanya dijatuhkan oleh minoritas partai oposisi, tentara yang memberontak atau berbagai kekeliruannya sendiri seperti yang kamu sebutkan dalam suratmu. Aku pikir, juga karena hebatnya kekuasaan media korporat. Salah satunya, ABC, melalui program Four Corners.

Bukti-bukti yang dianggap sebagai keterlibatan Alkatiri dalam soal bagi-bagi senjata: sepucuk surat rahasia dari Komandan PNTL Paul Fatima Martins, satu dokumen dari ‘Tim Keamanan Rahasia Fretilin’ – yang tidak ada tandatangannya dan tidak ditunjukkan isinya secara lengkap – tentang pembagian senjata, satu adegan tembak-menembak yang direkayasa, dan satu SMS Alkatiri ke Comandante Railos yang isinya: “Anda mau ke mana?”

Berdasarkan ‘investigasi’ Liz Jackson dari ABC, Presiden Xanana Gusmão mengirimkan surat kepada Alkatiri yang memintanya mengundurkan diri. Kemudian melalui RTTL, 22 Juni, muncul pidato ‘yang tak terduga’ presiden Xanana Gusmão. Di pidato itu disebut-sebut kekuasaan yang haus darah, peserta kongres Fretilin yang dapat senjata, kongres ilegal, SMS-SMS kepada PM Alkatiri yang melaporkan aktivitas presiden, dst, dst.

Sayang sekali, aku tidak punya narasumber seperti yang kamu miliki—yang kamu sebut informasi dari kawan ‘kiri’ yang dipercaya dan punya kontak dekat tentara-tentara Timor. Makanya dalam menulis, aku perlu hati-hati. Dili ada segudang rumor dan tentunya tak layak disebut sebagai informasi.

Jika ‘informasi’ kawan ‘kiri’mu itu aku jadikan bahan untuk menulis, isinya sama persis dengan desas-desus yang beredar dan tuduhan para petisioner yang hingga sekarang belum ada buktinya? Anehnya, petisioner juga menolak komisi penyelidik yang dibentuk untuk menangani masalah yang mereka ajukan. Alkatiri tidak memecat 591 tentara petisioner, seperti yang diberitakan korporat media di Indonesia dan juga di Australia. Keputuasan itu dari markas F-FDTL, ketika itu Ramos-Horta juga mendukungnya.

Jika masalah ‘diskriminasi’ yang diangkat tentara petisioner, memang, ada dasarnya. Namun jika isu Lorosa’e (wilayah timur) versus Loromonu (asal wilayah barat) yang diangkat, sepetinya isu ini tidak tepat sasaran.

Sejak awal dibentuknya institusi F-FDTL, sudah muncul persoalan. Ketika itu, pada jaman kekuasaan UNTAET, tahun 2001, dan Alkatiri belum menjadi Perdana Menteri. Institusi militer ini dibentuk berdasarkan satu studi yang dilakukan oleh King’s College. Saat itu, ada mantan-mantan gerilyawan yang kecewa dengan proses ini dan memilih untuk kembali menjadi orang sipil. Mereka bisa berasal dari kedua wilayah, Lorosa’e dan Loromunu: Comandante Eli Foho Rai Boot dan Renan, Ersnesto Dudu dan Samba 9.

Bagi yang tidak lolos perekrutan karena tidak memenuhi standar, diintegrasikan kembali ke masyrakat. Proses ini melibatkan penasehat-penasehat dari Australia dan Portugal. Program reintegrasi didanai Bank Dunia dan ditangani IOM. Jadi, insitusi yang kemudian bermasalah ini dibentuk dengan persetujuan Xanana Gusmão, yang saat itu menjabat sebagai ketua Dewan Nasional.

Jude yang baik, memang rumor yang kudengar, banyak yang bilang ada perlakuan dari komandan-komandan yang ‘kasar’ kepada prajurit-prajurit yang berasal wllayah Loromonu.

Namun menurut Panglima F-FDTL Taur Matan Ruak, Letnan Gastão Salsinha yang kemudian jadi juru bicara 591 tentara petisioner dan bergabung dengan tentara pemberontak Mayor Alfreido, Mayor Tara dan Major Marcos, punya masalah dengan bisnis ilegal kayu cendana. Ini diugkapkan Brigadir Ruak di televisi RTTL, beberapa hari setelah demonstrasi pimpinan Letnan Salsinha berubah menjadi kekerasan. Karena keterlibatan dalam urusan cendana, perwira ini tidak dinaikkan pangkatnya. Rencana studinya ke Portugal juga dibatalkan oleh markas besar F-FDTL.

Bisnis ilegal cendana ini, lagi-lagi menurut rumor, melibatkan menteri dalam negeri waktu itu, Rogério Lobato.
Rumor yang lebih seru lagi, Mayor Kaikeri dari F-FDTL, yang meninggal ketika tembak-menembak di Tibar dengan kelompok Railos adalah salah satu tokoh kunci dalam urusan bisnis ilegal cendana ini. Rumor ini terlalu panas. Dan jangan lupa, pengakuan Railos tentang pembagian senjata dari Alkatiri muncul di media korporat, setelah Rogério Lobato jadi tersangka.

So, kita biarkan dulu rumor tersebut dan kembali keurusan nepotisme di F-FDTL, seperti yang kamu sebut dalam suratmu. Jika kita telusuri masalah kepangkatan di F-FDTL, ada banyak periwira di F-FDTL yang bukan dari wilayah Lorosa’e. Misalnya, Mayor Alfredo Reinado, Mayor Marcos Tilman, Mayor Tara (Augusto de Araújo), Letnan Salsinha, Letnan Kolonel Pedro Klamar Fuik (Donaciano Gomes) dan Letnan Kolonel Filomeno Paixão. Sayang sekali, dalam suratmu kamu tidak menyebutkan nepotisme seperti apa yang disebut narasumber kawan ‘kirimu’ itu. Aku jadi curiga, jangan-jangan kawan ‘kirimu’ itu juga bagian dari kegilaan ini.

Baru-baru ini, Bob Lowry mantan penasehat militer Australia untuk Timor-Leste pada 2002-23, di salah satu seminar di Australian National University, mengatakan bahwa dia pernah mengusulkan agar Alkatiri mempensiunkan saja semua perwira pimpinan F-FDTL yang dulunya gerilyawan. Jika hal ini ditempuh, kemungkinan yang akan menjadi pimpinan di F-FDTL adalah Letnan Kolonel Pedro Klamar Fuik dan Major Alfredo Reinado.

Bagiku permasalahan ini cukup kompleks, rumit. Terlalu sederhana jika semuanya dicampakkan pada seorang Alkatiri. Ditambah lagi dengan persoalan-persoalan masa lalu. Dulu, pada masa resistensi juga ada janji-janji, yang sampai hari ini belum terealisir dan menyebabkan banyak pemuda jadi kecewa. Misalnya setelah meredeka, yang berjuang akan hidup enak, rumah bagus… Janji semacam ini diberikan oleh para organisator perlawanan bawah tanah (clandestina) untuk menarik pemuda-pemuda agar mau berjuang unuk kemerdekaan.

Jude yang baik, mengenai persoalan senjata, aku tidak mencoba menutup mata. NGO-NGO di Timor-Leste pernah mempersoalkan ini, temasuk Institutu Edukasaun Popular. Ketika itu Ramos-Horta menjawab, “Jika terjadi sesuatu di perbatasan apakah NGO yang akan menghadapi? Sebaiknya NGO mengurus persoalan-persoalan yang ada di desa-desa…”

Sekarang, perlu apa kiranya Alkatiri untuk menghabisi lawan-lawan politiknya, sementara partainya mayoritas dan di kongres ia terpilih kembali menjadi sekretaris jenderal? Selanjutnya, kenapa Comandante Railos yang disuruh membunuh lawan-lawan politik Alkatiri justru bertempur melawan F-FDTL, yang konon juga punya hubungan yang dekat dengan Alkatiri?

Indikasi apa yang membuat kamu mengambil kesimpulan bahwa Rogerio Lobato mengerjakan kerja-kerja kotor yang diperintahkan Alkatiri? Rogerio Lobato adalah orang yang cukup berpengaruh dikalangan mantan Falintil dan pengaruh inilah yang dia pakai ketika dia kembali ke Timor-Leste untuk mendapatkan posisi kekuasaanya. Mengorganisir mereka dan memakainya.

Kemudian yang menjadikan semua ini menjadi semakin aneh dan lebih kompleks lagi, semua kekuatan yang bersenjata (di luar F-FDTL yang resmi) adalah kekuatan-kekuatan yang mendongkel Alkatiri, yang menjatuhkan Alkatiri… Kompleks, Jude.

Dalam artikelku, aku tidak menyebut Institutu Edukasaun Popular (IEP) dalah pro-Fretilin. Nuno Rodrigues, koordinator Institutu Edukasaun Popular, yang mendukung beberapa kebijkan politik Alkatiri dituduh membagi-bagikan duit kepada demonstran-demonstran Fretilin pro-Alkatiri di Lospalos. Selanjutnya, dua kawan militan Fretilin, Pedrito Vieira dan Maleve dituduh menyimpan senjata.

Dua tahun yang lalu, Pedrito Vieira ikut mendemo pertemuan Xanana Gusmão dengan calon presiden Indonesia Jenderal Wiranto yang punya rekor kejahatan di Timor-Leste dan Maleve adalah seorang delegasi dari Lospalos dalam kongres Fretilin di Dili, 17-19 Mei.

Jadi kawan Jude yang baik, mendukung beberapa kebijakan Alkatiri tidak serta merta menjadi pro-Fretilin. Dan jikapun suatu saat, Nuno Rodrigues, memilih menjadi militan Fretilin, seperti yang dulu dipilih Adérito de Jesus Soares, mantan direktur Sahe Institute yang sekarang gabung dalam kelompok minoritas Fretilin mudança, aku pikir tidak ada salahnya. Itu pilihan politik mereka, dan kawan Jude tidak perlu meragukan independensi kami melihat persoalan-persoalan yang terjadi saat ini. Kami juga tidak mencoba menyembunyikan sesuatu karena alasan-alasan ideologis. Kritik kami terhadap Fretlin selama ini jelas: partai ini telah menjadi elektoral mesin seperti partai-partai lainnya. Bedanya adalah, Fretilin partai historis yang mendapat dukungan mayoritas.

Kebijakan politik Alkatiri yang didukung IEP adalah kebijakan sekolah gratis, kesehatan gratis, perbaikan gizi anak sekolah, menyimpan dana hasil minyak dalam Petroleum Fund, tidak menghutang pada Bank Dunia. Selain dukungan pada kebijakan tersebut, IEP dengan NGO lainnya, juga khawatir pada undang-undang imigrasi, pencemaran nama baik, rekonsiliasi tanpa keadilan yang dipromosikian Xanana dan Horta, swastanisasi dan segala macam manuver politik yang akhirnya hanya merugikan rakyat banyak.

Jika nanti pengadilan membuktikan Alkatiri terlibat dalam soal pembagian senjata, jelas kami tidak akan mendukung perbuatannya itu. Harus dihukum dan dipastikan bahwa undang-undang berbeda dengan selembar tissue bekas!

Namun kebijakan politik yang aku sebut diatas, menurut kami tetap baik buat rakyat banyak.

Jude yang baik, pada 4 Juli, di Origado Barak, pada pertemuan masyarakat sipil dengan utusan PBB, Ian Martin, Christopher Henry Samsom, direktur NGO LABEH mengatakan: “NGO memiliki senjata di tempat kerja mereka.”

Betapa berbahanya ‘informasi’ semacam ini. Biasanya korporat media melahapnya mentah-mentah. Bahkan ada yang menutup mata. Dampak dari ‘informasi’ sesat semacam inilah yang ingin kutulis.

Setelah kedatangan tentara Australia pada 25 Mei dan ditariknya F-FDTL dari Dili pada 26 Mei, pembakaran rumah-rumah di Dili dilakukan karena para pelakunya menuduh pemilik rumah menyimpan senjata. Sasaran pembakaran ini adalah orang-orang yang punya keluarga atau teman anggota F-FDTL. Ini tidak disorot media korporat, yang dengan menyesatkan malah menggambarkannya sebagai konflik “Lorosae vs Loromono” seolah-olah terjadi saling membakar antara kedua kubu itu di sini.

Kawan yang baik, Jude, aku yakin ada sesuatu yang busuk dalam fitnah. Dengan menuliskannya, kita telah berusaha melawan sesuatu yang nista!



Socrates, McCarthy’s Ghosts and Soeharto’s Demons
Juli 15, 2006, 11:01 am
Filed under: Catatan Dari Dili, Notes From Dili

Rahung Nasution

Sacred spirits and departed souls, wake up and and look at this People! The bones scattered around the land, stand up; the blood shed all over the land, unite and see those who want to destroy this people and who want to continue to subject this people to suffering and let the people die. Show yourselves up, show [ us] your strength! I, your son, am here, demanding you to look after these people, to liberate them from power of those who are bloodthirsty.

Speech of President Xanana Gusmão on 22 June 2006

I just learned that a president, it turns out, doesn’t just look after a country, but he also has the powers to rally otherwordly beings.

But if Socrates visited Dili three weeks ago, he would not have found awoken spirits of patriots coming down from Mount Matebean. And there was no souls of Santa Cruz martyrs roaming the streets.

It could just be that in front of Palacio do Governo, Socrates would be shocked to find tanks and foreign troops, and gangs of angry youths with banners cursing rather than voicing political demands: ”Alkatiri Laos Ema, Nia Diabo”—Alkatiri is not Human, He is Devil. There, also, rebel soldiers leading demonstrations. Elderly and little children paraded in trucks around the city. Some carried Australian flags: “Alkatili Komunista!”, “Alkatili Telolista!”, “Atuun Alkatili!”

More creative banners showed Alkatiri as half-animal with a human head (not exactly a Greek god), locked in a doggy style with the former Interior Minister Rogério Tiago Lobato. In another Alkatiri is pictured commanding chicken and rabbits.

This young republic is surely rumbling. Earlier, June 22th on RTTL, President Xanana Gusmão was fabling: “In 1989, while I was in Ainaro, I received a letter from Rogério Lobato accusing all those overseas of doing nothing, and also stated that once the war was over, everyone should be subjected to a public tribunal. It was Rogério who informed me, through that same letter, that Marí Alkatiri was busy caring for his rabbits and chickens in Maputo.”

Socrates did not believe that small people, the Maubere in Fretilin vernacular, similar to the Marhaen in Sukarno’s vocabulary, could participate in politics. But in the 19th century, that bushy guy Marx suggested a revolution led by vagrants, the proletariat. “Proletariats of the world, unite!”

Various experiments followed—the Soviet Marxist-Leninist model, China a la Mao Zedong, Nicaragua with the Sandinistas, and so on and so forth.

And then the awkward Soviet model collapsed and supporters of Sandinista in Nicaragua had to accept defeat: “We were born poor and will be satisfied dying poor. We never get in bed with power,” said Daniel Ortega in 1990, refusing to feel sorry about the democratic vote that ended Sandinista’s 10 years in power.

Mari Alkatiri, accused by the gangs that unseated him as “Terrorist” and “Mozambiquean Marxist,” is clearly no Ortega. In Timor-Leste, there is no proletariat referred to in the Communist Manifesto. And the Maubere are not Sandinista who won power through revolution by mobilizing armed farmers from their Central American mountainous bases. To each his own steppes, fields, mountains, gardens, trees, rocks, goats…

But Marxism-Leninism was once inherent to Fretilin indeed: in 1977, when Xanana Gusmão was a member of the Central Committee. That ideological orientation was later abandoned because it ran out of fashion. It was never clear why that ideology was chosen in the first place anyways. A lot of it is still cloudy.. All we knew then was to carry on with the guerilla while negotiating and bringing all sides—who fought each other in 1975—to sit together in CNRM-CNRT, Unidade Nasional. And lest we forget, Alkatiri was among the designers of CNRT Magna Carta.

Nowadays, even if there are individuals or political parties in Timor-Leste that are somehow connected to Marxism-Leninism, it would be the Timor Socialist Party (PST) who has exactly one seat in the Parliament—and that one seat had to be squeezed out of Fretilin’s vote leftovers.

In a CAVR public hearing two years ago, Alkatiri said “I am a social-democrat.” Sympathetic Australian academics, Tim Anderson and Helen Hill, say that Alkatiri is an economic nationalist: a person who fights for his nation’s economic sovereignty and opposes foreign economic domination. But the bigwig of Australian Democratic Socialist Party, who has close ties with PST, Max Lane, thinks that he “is just like Ramos-Horta. Nationalist doesn’t mean anti-imperialist!”

Whatever Alkatiri is, he became Prime Minister because Fretilin won democratic elections facilitated by the United Nations in 2001. He was then forced to step down by a minority opposition and a group of deserter soldiers, amidst accusations of arming civilians, and being both a terrorist and a communist. The world stood silent and the former comandante da luta, President Xanana Gusmão, bestowed his blessing, even encouraged Alkatiri’s resignation.

“I am willing to resign so that the President will not… .” Alkatiri, indeed no valiant Ortega.

It seems that Alkatiri could do no right. Apparently, in a country where cockfighting is popular, someone has just cast a fistfull of corns towards the eager cocks. The loser will most definitely be slaughtered. Perhaps because this peculiar cock once fought in Mozambique, the meat is not so tasty, hence only worthy of a trash bin!

And the majority Fretilin party appears wounded, forced to accept the clearly undemocratic reality. The constitution of this state does say it’s a ‘democratic’ country. So now political parties are peddling democracy to people who number less than one million.

But had Socrates visited Dili in April, perhaps he would become suspicious of democracy even more. Pungent stench hung in the air. First, rumors of a civil war were passed around, through SMS. Then provocative pamphlets began appearing. And then bullets began flying in the outskirts of Dili. Soldiers dead. Police slaughtered. People fleeing their homes.

Then hit-lists of politicians began circulating. Then lists of people keeping guns. Terror soon began ogling, sniffing: “Are you Lorosae or Loromunu?”; “Iraq or America”; “Firaku or Kaladi”; “There are guns in that house”; and finally “Fretilin pro Alkatiri?”

My friend Socrates, since you did not come to visit Dili from times before Christ, I only want to tell you: “Living in this century, democracy is something we cannot avoid. And very often we choose to betray it. If life was wrinkles of fiction, I would like to write a chapter about your visit to a city of ghosts.”

It was the 1950’s. In a continent called America (land of the free), Senator Joseph McCarthy became wary of ghosts creeping into the American society. Artists, journalists, activists, academics, were bewitched by these ghosts. Then in 1960’s, as if rising out of the netherworld, these ghosts began roaming in the Dutch-East Indies, which was then already known as Indonesia.

In a rich country where the majority of its population is poor, these ghosts faced uniformed demons led by General Soeharto producing a calamitous number of victims. Some say between 500 thousand to one million lives were slaughtered in the course of three months, mostly sympathizers of the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI)— once the largest, and legal, partywhich was later cursed and banned. They say the reason Indonesian military invaded Timor-Leste was also because this former Portuguese colony was plagued by these communist ghosts. It is rather curious that in 2006, in independent Timor-Leste, these ghosts can roam once again.

And Socrates, my friend, I just learned that this ghost, it turns out, has a new ally—terrorists!

SOCRATES, HANTU MCCARTHY DAN JIN SOEHARTO

Rahung Nasution

Roh-roh suci dan jiwa-jiwa yang telah pergi, bangun dan perhatikan rakyat! Tulang-tulang yang tersebar di tanah, berdirilah; darah yang telah ditumpahkan di seluruh negeri, bersatulah lagi dan lihat siapa yang mau menghancurkan rakyat ini dan siapa yang mau terus membuat rakyat ini menderita dan membiarkan rakyat mati. Tunjukkan diri kalian, tunjukkan [kepada kami] kekuatan kalian! Aku, anakmu, di sini, menuntutmu untuk memperhatikan rakyat ini, untuk membebaskan mereka dari kekuasaan mereka yang haus darah.
– Pidato Presiden Xanana Gusmao pada 22 Juni 2006

Aku baru tahu, seorang presiden, ternyata, bukan hanya mengurus negara, tapi juga punya kekuasaan untuk memerintah mahluk-mahluk yang tak terlihat.

Tapi jika Socrates, yang hidup di abad sebelum Masehi, berkujung ke Dili tiga minggu yang lalu, dia tidak akan menemukan arwah-arwah para patriot yang bangkit dari gunung Matabean. Juga tidak ada roh-roh para martir dari makam Santa Cruz yang berkeliaran di jalanan.

Bisa jadi, di depan Palacio Governu, Socrates akan terkejut bertemu tank-tank tentara asing, gerombolan pemuda yang marah dengan spanduk-spanduk, yang lebih tepat disebut caci-maki daripada tuntutan politik: ”Alkatiri Laos Ema, Nia Diabo”—Alkatiri Bukan Manusia, Dia Setan. Juga ada tentara pemberontak yang memimpin demonstrasi, kakek-nenek dan anak-anak kecil yang diangkut dengan truk keliling-keliling kota, ada yang membawa bendera Australia: “Alkatili Komunista!”, “Alkatili Telolista!”, “Atuun Alkatili!”

Pada adegan selanjutnya, Socrates akan melihat Alkatiri yang digambarkan berbadan separoh binatang berkepala manusia (bukan seperti dewa-dewi Yunani), sedang melakukan adegan sexual (doggie style) dengan mantan Menteri Dalam Negeri Rogério Tiago Lobato. Ada juga spanduk yang menggambarkan Alkatiri sedang memerintah ayam dan kelinci.

Rupanya republik yang muda ini sedang bergemuruh. Sebelumnya di televisi RTTL, 20 Juni, Presiden Xanana Gusmao, berkisah: “Tahun 1989, ketika saya di Ainaro, saya menerima surat dari Rogério Lobato yang menuduh semua yang di luar negeri tidak melakukan apa-apa, dan juga mengatakan bahwa kalau perang sudah selesai, semua orang harus diajukan ke pengadilan rakyat. Rogério Lobato yang memberi tahu saya, melalui surat tersebut, bahwa Marí Alkatiri sibuk memelihara kelinci dan ayam di Maputo”.

Jika tiga minggu yang lalu Socrates berkunjung ke Dili, berpas-pasan dengan knalpot-knalpot motor yang meraung-raung dan bertemu dengan ribuan pengungsi yang meninggalkan rumah, apa kiranya yang dia pikirkan tentang demokrasi?

Socrates tidak percaya bahwa rakyat kecil, kaum maubere dalam istilah Fretilin dan mirip marhaen dalam istilah Soekarno, bisa dilibatkan dalam partisipasi politik. Namun di abad ke-19, si brewok Karl Marx, mengajurkan revolusi kelas yang dipimpin kaum gembel, kaum proletar. “Bersatulah kaum buruh sedunia!”

Partai-partai komunis, yang jadi pelopor kaum proletar mencoba berbagai experimen—model Marxist-Leninist Soviet, Cina ala Mao Zedong, Nicaragua dengan kaum sandinista dan seterusnya dan seterusnya.

Kemudian model negara Soviet yang dipaksakan runtuh dan pendukung sandinista di Nicuaragua harus menerima kekalahan: “Kami lahir miskin dan akan puas mati miskin. Kami tidak pernah kawin dengan kekuasaan,” Daniel Ortega, pada tahun 1990, tidak meratapi pemilu demokratis yang mengakhiri 10 tahun kekuasaan sandinista yang terus-terusan diganggu oleh kalangan oposisi, blokade ekonomi dan milisi bersenjata Contra yang dibiayai Amerika dan dilatih CIA.

Mari Alkatiri yang dituding komplotan yang mendongkelnya sebagai “Teroris” dan “Marxist Mozambique”, jelas bukan Daniel Ortega. Di Timor-Leste, tidak ada kaum proletar seperti yang dimaksud Manifesto Komunis. Kaum maubere juga bukan sandinista yang memenangkan kekuasaan melului jalan revolusi dengan mengorganisir petani-petani bersenjata dari basisnya di pegunungan Amerika Tengah. Masing-masing punya stepanya sendiri, ladang-ladangnya, gunung-gunungnya, lubuk-lubuknya, pohon-pohonnya, batu-batunya, kambing-kambingnya—yang masing-masing berbeda.

Timor-Leste, bekas koloni Portugis, merdeka karena dukungan rakyat terhadap perjuangan kemerdekaan itu sendiri. Mungkin banyak orang di Indonesia menganggapnya sebagai kecerobohan Habibie sambil melupakan kebrutalan tentara Indonesia selama 24 tahun pendudukan. Memang ada perjuangan melalui bedil dan yang tersisa setelah penghancuran basis-basis perjuangan di awal tahun 1980an, hanya sekian ratus pucuk pada gerilwayan Falintil. Kemudian ada frente klandestina, frente diplomatica dan demonstrasi-demonstrasi yang diorganisir pemuda dan mahasiswa—di Dili, di pulau Jawa dan juga di tempat-tempat lainnya.

Tapi, Marxis-Leninis memang pernah menempel pada Fretilin. Tahun 1977, saat itu Xanana Gusmao merupakan salah satu anggota Komite Sentral. Orientasi ideologi ini kemudian ditinggalkan karena tidak lagi uptodate. Belum jelas juga kenapa ideologi ini pernah dipilih. Masih banyak yang kabur. Masih banyak yang buram dan lembaran sejarah belum mengungkapkannya. Yang kita ketahui kemudian adalah bergerilya sambil negosiasi dan menghimpun segala kekuatan—yang pernah bertikai di tahun 1975—untuk duduk bersama dalam CNRM-CNRT, Unidade Nasional. Dan kita tidak boleh lupa, Alkatiri merupakan salah satu penggagas Piagam Magna Charta CNRT.

Sekarang, kalaupun ada individu atau partai politik di Timor-Leste yang masih berhubungan dengan Marxisme-Leninisme, itu adalah Partai Sosialis Timor (PST) yang mendapat satu kursi di Parlemen—dan kuota untuk mendapat satu kursi itu, harus didongkrak dari sisa-sisa suara yang diperoleh Fretilin. Sekarang kita tidak tahu, apakah di Timor-Leste, Marxisme-Leninisme juga merupakan satu dosa pikiran, akan diharamkan seperti di Jaman Orde Baru?

Pada public hearing CAVR dua tahun yang lalu, “Saya pengikut sosial-demokrat,” begitu Alkatiri pernah mengungkap. Akademisi Australia, Tim Anderson dan Helen Hill dengan bersimpatik mengatakan Alkatiri nasionalis ekonomi. Seorang yang memperjuangkan kedaulatan negaranya dan nenentang dominasi kekuatan asing. Tapi gembong Democratic Socialist Party (DSP) Australia, yang punya hubungan dekat dengan PST, Max Lane, menuding “Alkatiri sama saja dengan Ramos-Horta. Nasionalis tidak berarti anti imperialis!”

Siapapun Alkatiri, ia menjadi perdana menteri karena Fretilin memenangkan pemilu yang demokratis yang difasilitasi PBB, di tahun 2001. Kemudian dipaksa mundur oleh kalangan minoritas oposisi dan sekelompok tentara yang memberontak. Dituduh mempersenjatai sipil, teroris dan komunis. Dunia bungkam dan mantan comandante da luta Presiden Xanana Gusmao merestui, bahkan yang menganjurkan pengunduran Alkatiri.

“Saya bersedia mundur agar presiden tidak mengundurkan diri…” memang Alkatiri tidak segagah Ortega dan dunia pun tidak terharu seperti menyaksikan kekalahan yang diterima kaum sandinista.

Bagi sebagian orang, sepertinya apa pun yang dilakukan Alkatiri semuanya salah. Sepertinya, di negeri yang penduduknya gemar menyabung ayam ini, ada yang melempar jagung untuk jago-jago yang siap diadu. Yang kalah jelas akan disembelih. Mungkin karena ayam jagonya pernah bertarung di Mozombique, dagingnya kurang lezat, alot dan keras. Maka ada yang ingin mencapkkannya. Seperti sampah!

Dan partai mayoritas Fretilin, seperti terluka kena panah. Dipaksa harus menerima kenyataan yang jelas-jelas tidak demokratis. Konstitusi negara ini memang menyebut negara ‘demokratis’. Maka partai-partai politik pun berjualan demokrasi kepada penduduk yang jumlahnya tidak lebih dari satu juta manusia.

Namun jika kunjungan Socrates ke Dili di mulai dari bulan April, Socrates mungkin semakin mencurigai demokrasi. Ada semacam bau busuk yang mencemari udara. Awalnya adalah rumor tentang perang saudara yang mampir dikuping, juga melalui SMS-SMS. Lantas muncul pamflet-pamflet hasutan. Kemudian di pinggiran kota Dili peluru bertaburan. Tentara yang mati. Polisi yang dibantai. Penduduk mengungsi dan ketakutan meninggalkan rumah (ada yang dijarah, dibakar dan kemudian diduduki orang lain).

Selanjutnya bereder daftar-daftar politisi yang akan dibunuh. Juga ada dafta-daftar orang-orang yang punya senjata. Lantas teror mengintai-mengendus: “Apakah kamu Lorosae atau Loromunu?”; “Irak atau Amerika”; “Firaku atau Kaladi”; “Di rumah itu ada senjata”; dan akhirnya “Fretilin pro Alkatiri?”

Kawanku Socrates, karena kamu tidak datang berkunjung ke Dili, dari abad sebelum Masehi, aku hanya ingin mengatakan kepadamu: “Hidup di abad ini, demokrasi adalah sesuatu yang tak dapat dihindari. Dan kita lebih sering memilih untuk mengkhianatinya. Seandainya hidup ini merupakan lipatan-lipatan dunia fiksi, aku ingin menulis drama satu babak tentang kunjunganmu ke sebuah kota yang dihuni para hantu. Bukan ke Dili. Namun ke satu kota hantu yang benar-benar dihuni para hantu dan pikiran penduduknya terus-terusan dihantui.

Alkisah, di sebuah benua yang bernama Amerika (tanah air bagi yang merindukan kebebasan), tahun 1950an. Joseph McCarthy, senator Partai Republik mencurigai ada hantu-hantu yang merasuki masyarakat Amerika. Seniman, jurnalis, aktivis, akademisi dituduh atau dicurigai punya hubungan dengan gerakan komunisme, adalah orang-orang yang dirasuki hantu-hantu jahat. Kemudian seperti muncul dari dunia gaib, tahun 1965, hantu-hantu ini gentayangan di Hindia-Belanda yang ketika itu sudah bernama Indonesia.

Di negeri yang kaya dan mayoritas rakyatnya miskin tertindas, hantu-hantu ini berhadapan dengan jin-jin berseragam yang dipimpin Jendral Soeharto, tentu saja mendapat bimbingan CIA, dan kemudian menemukan korbannya yang dahsyat. Ada yang bilang 500 ribu sampai satu juta manusia dibantai dalam tiga bulan. Mereka adalah simpatisan Partai Komunis Indonesia (PKI), yang ketika itu merupakan salah satu partai legal dan terbesar, atau mereka-mereka yang dicurigai punya hubungan dengan organisasi yang kemudian dikutuk dan diharamkan ini. Konon katanya, militer Indonesia juga menginvasi Timor-Leste karena wilayah setengah pulau yang pernah dijajah Portugis ini, juga sudah dirasuki hantu-hantu komunis.

Cukup aneh, di tahun 2006, ketika Timor-Leste sudah merdeka, hantu-hantu ini bisa gentayangan lagi. Dan Socrates, kawanku, aku juga baru tahu, ternyata hantu ini punya sekutu baru—teroris!



Seputar golpe dalam terompet Miles Davis
Juli 12, 2006, 2:39 am
Filed under: Catatan Dari Dili, Notes From Dili

Rahung Nasution

Malam itu aku sedang belajar menyimpan rindu. Terompet Miles Davis mengalun, Song Of Our Country dari album Sketches of Spain. “Coy, kasih tulisan tentang PM Jose Ramos-Horta, dong!” Rico Aditjondro, editor Paras Indonesia, memintaku lewat SMS.

Selama dua bulan terakhir kekacauan menimpa negeri yang mungil ini, aku hanya bisa menulis dua artikel, merekam beberapa footages ke dalam mini DV dan menulis beberapa penggal kalimat yang belum selesai menjadi puisi. Sunyi merayap lewat ujung bedil / Bayang senja memudar di Ponte Cais / Masing-masing mengusung kerandanya / Menuju Santa Cruz.

Dan di sana, di tahun 1991, di makam Santa Cruz, Max Stahl merekam satu peristiwa. Tentara Indonesia dengan brutal membantai ratusan pemuda yang menginginkan Timor-Leste merdeka. Sekarang pada tembok makam yang bersebelahan dengan Taman Makam Pahlawan yang ditinggalkan Indonesia, ada grafiti muram, “penderitaan orang Timor kapan berakhir” dan pada sebuah nisan, “Viva Alfredo ho Salsinha” “Alfredo Loromonu”. Terimakasih pada Mbak Ati dari Jakarta Post dan Nug Katjasungkana yang memotret kedua grafiti tersebut.

Major Alfreido Reinado adalah loyalis Presiden Xanana Gusmão dan salah satu pimpinan tentara pemberontak yang memaksa Mari Alkatiri mengundurkan diri. Letnan Gastão Salsinha adalah juru bicara 591 tentara petisioner yang dipecat panglima Falintil-FDTL karena alasan indisipliner, meninggalkan markas tanpa izin.

“Saya tidak percaya pada demokrasi. Saya ingin kediktatoran seperti di jaman Salazar,” kata Antero Rodrigues minggu yang lalu ketika kami mengunjunginya di Lospalos, menyingkir dari desas-desus dan fitnah yang merajalela di Dili. Dua anaknya, Paula dan Nuno Rodrigues, jadi amuk sasaran demonstran yang berkomplot untuk menjatuhkan PM Mari Alkatiri.

Tentu tidak ada yang salah dengan demokrasi. Dan Antero Rodrigues adalah generasi ‘75 yang hidup di tiga jaman yang berbeda—kolonialisme Portugis, invasi Indonesia dan Timor-Leste yang merdeka. Anaknya, Paula Rodrigues, penanggungjawab umum RTTL bersama reporter lainnya dicari-cari sekelompok orang karena public broadcasting ini menyiarkan demonstrasi Fretilin pro Alkatiri. Rumah Jacob Fernandes, wakil presiden Parlemen Nasional dari bancada Fretilin yang munguasai mayoritas kursi di parlemen dibakar kelompok anti Fretilin.

Nuno Rodrigues, aktivis Institutu Edukasaun Popular yang mendukung beberapa kebijakan politik Alkatiri, dituduh membagi-bagikan duit kepada demonstran pro-Alkatiri. Dua kawan militan Fretilin asal Lospalos, Pedrito Vieira dan Maleve, dituduh memiliki senjata. Nug Katjasungkana, aktivis Fortilos, yang dalam beberapa tahun terakhir ini bekerja untuk solidaritas Timor-Leste dan menetap di Dili, dituduh menyimpan senjata Maleve, di kamar tumpangan yang diberikan oleh Asosiasi HAK.

Kediktatoran adalah sesuatu yang menakutkan dan Alkatiri dipaksa mundur melalui cara-cara yang tidak demokratis. Dua minggu yang lalu, ketika memasuki kota Dili, di kawasan Bidau, rombongan pendukung Alkatiri dihadang demonstran tandingan. “Mereka membawa senjata dan akan membunuh kami,” lapor kelompok anti Fretilin kepada tentara Australia sambil memaki-maki Presiden Fretilin Lu Olo dan Sekertaris Jenderal Mari Alkatiri. Di kawasan Becora kelompok anti Fretilin siap-siap dengan panah.

Konvoi pendukung Alkatiri melambaikan tangan dari atas bus dan truk yang mengangkut mereka dari arah Metinaro. Sekelompok pemuda anti Fretilin mulai melakukan perusakan kios-kios di sepanjang jalan Bidau. Ada yang sedang menyulut api. Sebelumnya mereka berteriak-teriak, “Viva Xanana Gusmao!”

Ya tidak ada yang salah dengan demokrasi, dan kediktatoran adalah sesuatu yang menakutkan. Karena Alkatiri keturunan Arab dan beragama Islam, maka demonstran anti Fretilin memaki-maki “Alkatiri teroris”. Karena selama 24 tahun Alkatiri exil di Mozambique untuk menggalang dukungan bagi kemerdekaan Timor-Leste dari negara-negara Afrika dan Timur Tengah, maka Alkatiri dituding “Komunis-Mozambique” dan “Alkatiri bukan orang Timor”. Namun, Alkatiri tetaplah Alkatiri—Pendiri Fretilin, pada tahun 1970an bersama José Ramos-Horta membangun gerakan bawah tanah menentang kolonialisme Portugis dan merupakan salah satu penggagas Magna Carta CNRT.

Malam itu, sebelum Rico mengirim SMS dan sebelum terompet Miles Davis mengalun, kami menyaksikan pelantikan Dr. José Ramos-Horta lewat televisi yang disiarkan RTTL. “Saya bukan perdana menteri yang dipilih rakyat. Saya ditunjuk oleh presiden dan partai mayoritas Fretilin,” begitu PM José Ramos Horta dalam pidato pengangkatannya di Palácio das Cincaz (Istana Debu) yang dihadiri anggota parlemen, diplomat asing, Comandante Railos (yang menuduh Alkatiri membagi-bagi senjata kepada mereka untuk mebunuh lawan-lawan politik Alkatiri). Dan pelantikan ini hanya dihadiri sebagian kelompok oposisi (selain menuntut Alkatiri mundur mereka juga menuntut agar Presiden Xanana Gusmão membubarankan parlemen dan segera membentuk pemerintahan ‘junta’ Persatuan Nasional).

Pengangkatan PM José Ramos-Horta, peraih Nobel perdamaian dan pendukung Perang Irak, merupakan kompromi politik dari partai mayoritas Fretilin dengan Presiden Xanana Gusmão. Ramos-Horta akan memerintah selama 8 bulan melanjutkan pemerintahan Alkatiri yang menolak hutang pada Bank Dunia, keras dalam negosiasi dengan Australia atas kekayaan minyak dan gas di Celah Timor, menjalin kerjasama bilateral dengan Kuba dengan mendatangkan dokter-dokter ke Timor-Leste dan mengirimkan ratusan mahasiswa belajar kedokteran ke Kuba. Alkatiri juga menjengkelkan kalangan pengusaha Timor-Leste yang menginginkan sektor swasta menjadi prioritas pembangunan dan dana minyak disalurkan untuk kepentingan mereka.

“Saya akan berkonsultasi dengan presiden dan Fretilin yang mengusulkan saya,” lanjut Ramos-Horta dalam pidato pelantikannya. Adapun anggaran yang diajukan ke parlemen adalah anggaran yang dipersiapkan Alkatiri sebelum dipaksa mundur. Ramos-Horta akan dibantu oleh dua wakilnya, Estanislau da Silva (Fretillin) dan Rui Maria de Araújo (independen) yang juga merupakan usulan dari Fretilin.

Seperti yang diramalkan banyak orang, Ramos-Horta memang favorit Australia, Bank Dunia dan IMF. Awalnya juga oleh kalangan oposisi dan tentara pemberontak. Namun langkah untuk membubarkan parlemen dan membentuk junta mungkin terlalu berisiko bagi presiden Xanana Gusmão. Kiranya bayangan apa yang ada di kepala kita jika presiden Xanana Gusmão mencampakkan konstitusi dengan membentuk pemerintahan junta dan menyinkirkan Fretilin yang menguasi separuh kursi lebih di parlemen—seperti Chile di jaman Agusto Pinoche?

Maaf coy, aku tidak bisa menulis banyak tentang perdana menteri yang baru ini. Untuk sementara aku memilih diam dan mendengar lebih banyak. Sebab dua minggu yang lalu tentara pemberontak dan barisan oposisi mengelu-elukan bahwa “hanya presiden Xanana Gusmão dan Jose Ramos-Horta yang mampu menyelesaikan krisis ini!”

Saat ini, pada media massa, kelompok oposisi (melalui ketua Partai Demokratik, Fernando Lasama) dan tentara pemberontak (Mayor Tara dkk) mengatakan bahwa pemerintahan Ramos-Horta ilegal dan inkonstitusional karena merupakan kelanjutan dari pemerintahan Alkatiri. Bahkan ada yang mengatakan Ramos-Horta juga merupakan klik Maputo (Mozambique). Kelompok pengusaha tidak senang dengan Estanislau da Silva yang ditunjuk sebagai wakil perdana menteri.

Sungguh, coy! Kali ini aku hanya ingin belajar menyimpan rindu, jatuh cinta lagi dan memikirkan kawan-kawan kita sambil mendengar terompet Miles Davis. Kali ini dari album Kind of Blue, So What.



L’etat c’est moi
Juli 5, 2006, 12:52 pm
Filed under: Catatan Dari Dili, Notes From Dili

Rahung Nasution

“The victory of comrade Lu Olo and I did not just shake up Timor-Leste, but has affected other places too,” said Prime Minister Marí Alkatiri in his speech at the closing of the Fretilin Congress on May 19. Four days later, fighting erupted in Fatuahi, the eastern edge of the city of Dili, between rebel forces led by Major Alfreido Reinado and the Falinitil-FDTL. This was followed by dissension in the ranks of the PNTL (National Police of Timor-Leste) which triggered further social unrest and ultimately the returned presence of international troops, led by Australia, in Timor-Leste.

On Friday, June 6, 2006 from his stronghold at the former Portuguese colonial villa, Pousada de Maubisse, in the cool mountainous region in central Timor-Leste, Major Alfredo Reinado, together with members of his force, handed over eighteen M-16 automaticrifles, four pistols, four improvised firearms and thousands of rounds of ammunition to Australian troops.

For the last two months, from his scenic hideout ‘round gardens of blooming flowers, Reinado had issued demands for “justice”, encouraged the overthrow of PM Marí Alkatiri , met with political figures and been interviewed by foreign and Timorese journalists who then described him as a man whose popularity rivals that of President Xanana Gusmão and Foreign Minister Ramos Horta. Australian and Indonesian media wrote favourable reports and cranked up the popularity of this leader of the military revolt. Journalist David O’Shea from SBS Australia described him as a smart, savvy military figure, a future leader who had trained in Australia.

After handing over the weapons, Major Reinado, a mid-level officer who left his post after an April 28 incident in Tasi Tolu, dismissed claims that he is being steered. To this day, “I have remained a soldier, obedient and loyal to the commander-in-chief, President Xanana Gusmão”, said Reinado to journalists during the handover of weapons. This position was reiterated by Major Tara and Major Marcos Tilman who also left their posts to join the opposition in the Ermera district.

If Major Alfredo Reinado and the members of his group who left their posts are soldiers obedient and loyal to President Xanana Gusmão, the Australian, Indonesian and Timor-Leste media have ganged up on Alkatiri and depicted him as an arrogant “Mozambique Marxist” who has dragged Timor-Leste to become a failed state.

As the arrogant “Mozambique Marxist” leader governing the “failed” Timor-Leste, in the 49 months of his government, Alkatiri has scored achievements that displeased many. Canberra has been frustrated by Alkatiri’s tough negotiating stance on oil and gas in the Timor Sea. Opposition parties, 20%-strong in the parliament, were irritated and have constantly undermined Alkatiri’s government for his reluctance to share power. Even Alkatiri’s comrades in Fretilin from the pro-market mudança (reform) group – who were unequivocally defeated in the last congress led by José Luis Guterres – were also upset because Alkatiri wanted to restrict the private sector.

“Your claims [for oil rights] go almost to Alice Springs. You can demand that forever for all I care … We are very tough. We will not care if you give information to the media. Let me give you a tutorial in politics—not a chance.” That was how Canberra regime bullied Alkatiri through its Foreign Minister Alexander Downer. However, due to the firm stand of the Dili negotiating team led by PM Marí Alkatiri, in two difficult rounds of negotiations, Timor-Leste received 50:50 rights to the rich oil and gas field of Greater Sunrise (Canberra’s originally proposed 18:82). Dili also wrestled 90:10 from the original 80:20 proposed by Canberra for the Bayu Undan, Elang Kakaktua and surrounding fields. An interesting political lesson indeed. Small, impoverished Timor-Leste faced off with Australia, who had promoted itself as the United States’ Deputy Sheriff in the Asia-Pacific region, and came out ahead.

In line with Australian and American policy, the World Bank has been overseeing funds from donor countries for Timor-Leste reconstruction projects. Projects that began during this transition period have been very beneficial to the private sector. Several government efforts to improve public services, such as plans to establish a public transportation company, electrical utility and national oil enterprises, were thwarted by the World Bank which prefers these sectors run by private companies.

Even while refusing to submit to economic growth policies, Alkatiri’s impoverished government managed to provide free education to the people of Timor-Leste from primary to secondary levels complemented by nutrition improvement programs by providing free meals to students at school. Through bilateral cooperation with the Cuban government, Alkatiri brought in hundreds of Cuban doctors to remote parts in Timor-Leste to provide free health services. The government also sent hundreds of Timorese students to Cuba to study medicine and founded a medical school at the Timor-Leste National University.

The latest issue which angered the private sector to the breaking point of tolerance is the creation of the Petroleum Fund. This fund was created to manage the wealth from oil and gas in order to prevent the “oil curse” – war and acute poverty which often creates a petro-dollar crisis. Proceeds received is managed transparently using a Norwegian system where 90% of the funds are obligated to go into the Federal Reserve Bank in the United States of America for long-term needs, and 10% of the funds will be used for government projects and invested in the public sector. The private sector opposed this system. They want oil wealth to be distributed and used for developing the private sector. Does Timor-Leste President Xanana also oppose these policies?

Over the last several weeks the political situation has become increasingly tense. President Xanana publicly attacked Alkatiri in a one-and-a-half-hour speech broadcast on RTTL on Thursday, June 22, 2006. In this state address, the president asked Fretilin militants to reconsider Fretilin’s leadership, who, in his opinion, was chosen by an undemocratic congress last month. President Xanana also expressed his disappointment and his loss of faith in Alkatiri who had been unable to end the current crisis.

The previous evening, the president expressed this disappointment in a letter he wrote to Alkatiri asking him to step down after watching ABC Australia’s “Four Corners” television program. In this investigative programme, Alkatiri was accused of involvement with former Internal Affairs Minister Rogério Lobato (who is currently under house arrest and undergoing hearings in Dili courts) in creating a Fretilin Secret Security Force. Alkatiri, forcefully denied these accusations by the leader of this Secret Security Team, Railos. Alkatiri also asked the United Nations to immediately undertake an investigation of the accusations against him.

A coup d’etat to unseat him from power is now apparent, just as Alkatiri thought. The president has appeared before demonstrators. “Alkatiri is a terrorist and communist,” yelled protestors led by opposition representatives Major Tara, Major Marcos and Railos, who now are mobilizing the overthrow of Alkatiri and the dissolution of the parliament. As the highest commander, the person responsible for the country’s sacurity and the “guardian of the constitution”, President Xanana has openly said to the Timor-Leste people, particularly to the Fretilin militants, “choose me or Alkatiri.”

If today, tomorrow or the day after tomorrow PM Alkatiri is successfully forced to step down through undemocratic means, then the Portuguese government’s warning of a possible conspiracy involving Australia and internal Timor-Leste elements may prove true. Then this new country will be condemned to become a banana republic in the Asia-Pacific region and have a leader who can, whenever he feels like it, threaten, “L’etat c’est moi” – the country is me. And whoever doesn’t submit may step aside …



Negara Adalah Saya
Juni 24, 2006, 3:55 am
Filed under: Catatan Dari Dili, Notes From Dili

Rahung Nasution

“Kemenangan kamarada Lu Olo dan saya bukan hanya membuat bumi Timor-Leste terguncang, tapi juga di tempat-tempat lain,” begitu bunyi pidato PM Mari Alkatiri pada penutupan kongres Fretilin, 19 Mei lalu. Empat hari kemudian, meletus pertempuran di Fatuahi, pinggiran timur kota Dili, antara tentara pemberontak yang dipimpin Mayor Alfreido Reinado dengan Falintil-FDTL. Pertempuran ini kemudian disusul dengan terjadinya perpecahan di tubuh PNTL (Polisi Nasional Timor Leste), memicu kerusuhan sosial dan akhirnya mengundang kehadiran kembali pasukan internasional di Timor-Leste, dipimpin pasukan Australia.

Pada hari Jumat, 6 Juni 2006, dari basis kekuatannya di villa peninggalan kolonial Portugis yang sejuk di kawasan pegunungan sektor tengah Timor Leste, Pousada de Maubisse, Mayor Alfredo Reinado bersama anggotanya menyerahkan 18 pucuk senjata otomatis jenis M-16, empat pistol, empat senjata rakitan dan ribuan amunisi kepada pasukan Australia.

Selama dua bulan terakhir, dari tempat yang asri dengan bunga-bunga yang semerbak di taman, Mayor Alfredo Reinado menuntut ‘keadilan’, menganjurkan penggulingan PM Mari Alkatiri, melakukan pertemuan dengan tokoh-tokoh politik dan juga diwawancarai jurnalis dalam dan luar negeri yang kemudian mengekspos Mayor Alfredo sebagai figur yang tak kalah populernya dengan presiden Xanana Gusmão dan menteri luar negeri Ramos Horta. Media-media Australia dan Indonesia melakukan reportase yang menguntungkan dan mendongkrak popularitas pimpinan tentara yang memberontak ini. Jurnalis David O’Shea dari SBS Australia, menyebutnya sebagai tokoh militer yang cerdas dan merupakan pemimpin masa depan yang mendapat pelatihan-pelatihan dari Australia.

Sesaat setelah penyerahan senjata, perwira menengah yang meninggalkan markas—setelah terjadi insiden Tasi Tolu pada 28 April, menolak klaim bahwa dirinya disertir. Selama ini, “Saya tetap sebagai tentara yang patuh dan loyal pada panglima tertinggi, presiden Xanana Gusmão”, ungkap Mayor Alfredo Reinado pada jurnalis di sela-sela penyerahan senjata tersebut. Begitu juga yang diungkapkan oleh Mayor Tara dan Mayor Marcos Tilman yang menyusul meninggalkan markas untuk bergabung dengan kalangan oposisi di distrik Ermera.

Jika Mayor Alfredo Reinado dan anggotanya yang meninggalkan markas merupakan tentara yang patuh dan loyal pada presiden Xanana Gusmão, maka media-media di Australia, Indonesia, juga di Timor-Leste mengeroyok Alkatiri dan menggambarkannya sebagai ‘Marxist Mozambique’ yang arogan, yang menyeret Timor Leste menuju failed stated, negara gagal.

Sebagai ‘Marxist Mozambique’ yang arogan dan memerintah Timor-Leste yang ‘gagal’, Alkatiri, dalam 49 bulan pemerintahannya membuat beberapa prestasi yang tidak menyenangkan banyak kalangan. Canberra gerah karena Alkatiri keras dalam negosiasi tentang minyak dan gas di Laut Timor. Partai-partai oposisi, yang hanya memiliki 20 % suara di parlemen, jengkel dan terus-terusan merongrong pemerintahan Alkatiri sejak diawal pemerintahan ini dibentuk karena Alkatiri enggan berbagi jatah kekuasaan. Kamerad-kamerad Alkatiri sendiri di Fretilin dari kelompok mudança (perubahan)—yang kalah telak di kongres yang lalu yang dipimpin José Luis Guterres—dan pro kebijakan pasar juga marah karena Alkatiri ingin mempersempit gerak sektor swasta.

“Biarpun Anda berteriak keras dan klaimu terdengar sampai ke Alice Spring dan memberi informasi pada media, sikap kami tetap… Biarkan kami memberi Anda sebuah pelajaran politik—bukan sebuah kemungkinan”, begitu rezim Canberra menggertak Alkatiri melalui menteri luar negerinya Alexander Downer. Namun karena keteguhan tim negosiasi Dili yang dipimpin PM Mari Alkatiri, dalam dua kali putaran negosiasi yang alot, Timor-Leste mendapatkankan haknya 50:50 atas kekayaan minyak dan gas di ladang Greatest Sunrise (awalnya Canberra mengajukan 18:82). Dili juga memenangkan 90:10 dari 80:20 yang diajukan Canberra untuk ladang Bayu Undan, Elang Kakaktua dan sekitarnya. Sebuah pelajaran politik yang menarik. Timor-Leste yang kecil dan miskin berani menghadapi Australia yang telah mengangkat dirinya sebagai Deputy Sheriff Amerika Serikat di kawasan Asia-Pasifik.

Sejalan dengan kebijakan Australia dan Amerika, Bank Dunia mengelola dana proyek-proyek rekontruksi Timor-Leste yang bersumber dari negara-negara donor. Proyek-proyek rekonstruksi yang berlangsung pada masa transisi ini sangat menguntungkan sektor swasta. Berbagai usaha pemerintah untuk meningkatkan pelayanan publik, seperti rencana mendirikan perusahaan transportasi publik, perusahaan listrik dan rencana mendirikan perusaahan minyak negara, mendapat hambatan yang keras dari Bank Dunia yang menginginkan sektor tersebut diurus oleh swasta.

Di tengah permasalahan kemiskinan, dengan tidak tunduk pada kebijakan pertumbuhan ekonomi, pemerintah Alkatiri memberi pelayanan pendidikan secara gratis kepada rakyat mulai dari tingkat dasar sampai menengah dibarengi dengan program perbaikan gizi dengan menyediakan makanan bagi siswa-siswa di sekolah. Melalui kerjasama bilateral dengan pemerintah Cuba, Alkatiri mendatangkan ratusan doketer Cuba ke pelosok-pelosok Timor-Leste yang memberikan pelayanan kesehatan gratis. Pemerintah juga mengirimkan ratusan mahasiswa Timor-Leste belajar kedokteran ke Cuba dan mendirikan fakulutas kedokteran di Universitas Nasional Timor-Leste.

Satu persoalan baru yang membuat kalangan sektor swasta cukup marah dan tidak bisa lagi mentolerir Alktiri adalah pembentukan Petroleum Fund. Lembaga dana yang akan mengelola kekayaan pendapatan minyak dan gas ini dibentuk untuk menghindari kutukan minyak yang sering mengakibatkan kemelut petrodolar—perang dan pemiskinan yang akut. Dana yang diperoleh dikelola secara transparan dengan mengadopsi sistem Norwegia. 90 % dana akan diobligasikan di Federal Reserve Bank di Amerika Serikat untuk kepentingan jangka panjang. 10 % dana digunakan untuk proyek-proyek pemerintah dan diinvestasikan ke sektor publik. Pihak swasta menentang hal ini dan menginginkan kekayaan minyak dibagi-bagikan, dan untuk mengembangkan sektor swasta. Apakah presiden Xanana juga menentang berbagai kebijikan ini?

Minggu-minggu terakhir ini tensi politik semakin tinggi. Secara terbuka presiden Xanana ‘menghajar’ Alkatiri lewat pidato sepanjang satu setengah jam yang disiarkan RTTL pada Kamis malam, 22 Juni 2006. Dalam pidato kenegaraan tersebut, presiden meminta pada militan Fretilin untuk memikirkan kembali kepemimpinan Fretilin yang menurut presiden dipilih melalui kongres yang tidak demokratis pada bulan yang lalu. Presiden Xanana juga mengungkapkan kekecewaannya dan hilang kepercayaan pada Alkatiri yang tidak punya kemampuan menyelesaikan krisis ini.

Pada malam sebelumnya, kekecewaan tersebut dituangkan presiden melalui surat kepada Alkatiri yang meminta kesedian Alkatiri untuk mengundurkan diri setelah presiden menyaksikan program televisi ABC Australia, 4 Corners. Dalam siaran investigasi itu, Alkatiri dituding terlibat dengan mantan menteri dalam negeri Rogério Lobato (yang kini berada dalam tahanan rumah dan menjalani proses hearing di pengadilan Dili) dalam membentuk Tim Keamanan Rahasia Fretilin. Alkatiri menolak keras tudingan yang dilontarkan oleh Tim Keamanan Rahasia Fretilin yang dipimpin Railos tersebut. Alkatiri juga meminta kepada PBB untuk segera melakukan investigasi dan menyelidiki tudingan yang dialamatkan kepadanya.

Kini sudah mulai nampak jelas plot coup d’etat, seperti yang diyakini Alkatiri, terhadap kekuasaannya. Presiden telah muncul di hadapan demonstran yang berteriak-teriak “Alkatiri Teroris dan Komunis” yang dipimpin oleh pihak oposisi, Mayor Tara, Mayor Marcos dan Railos yang kini memobilisir penggulingan Alkatiri dan pembubaran parlemen. Sebagai komandan tertinggi dan penanggungjawab keamanan negara dan ‘penjaga konstitusi’, presiden secara terbuka telah menyatakan kepada rakyat Timor-Leste, khususnya kepada militan Fretilin “memilih saya atau Alkatiri.”

Jika hari ini, besok atau lusa PM Alkatiri berhasil dipaksa mundur, melalui satu mekanisme yang tidak demokratis, maka apa yang diperingatkan pemerintah Portugal sebagai konspirasi Australia dengan kalangan internal di Timor-Leste, akan menjerumuskan negara baru ini menjadi Banana Republic di kawasan Asia-Pasific dan Timor-Leste memiliki pemimpin yang kapan saja bisa menggertak, “L’etat c’est moi”—negara adalah saya. Dan yang tidak tunduk silakan menyingkir…